The following is a brief introduction to the issue between NY1C (there was only one hill Cumorah, and it was in New York) and M2C (there are two Cumorah's. The real one is in Mesoamerica.) The introduction is not my own work, it was taken from here . The Heartland model proposes that the events of the Book of Mormon took place mostly in the Heartland of the United States; i.e., the area from Iowa to Ohio. If you ask a proponent of Book of Mormon Heartland why he/she is looking in the Heartland, you will probably get an answer such as "Because that's where Joseph Smith said it was." In this post, I'm explaining my understanding, based on what I've read and heard. I want to be accurate and fair. The Heartlanders generally think that Joseph Smith knew where the Book of Mormon took place, and that he specified North America. They reject the 1842 Times and Seasons articles that linked the Book of Mormon to Central America, for example. They don't t